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  • 1. E-Commerce: Prospect or Threat for Environment

  • Today, e-commerce has grown into a big industry and is generating huge revenues from online retailing. It requires the integration of transportation, information and communication technologies for the success of e-commerce. But e-commerce cannot be now seen as clean way of doing business as it can have some harmful impacts on environment. The rapid growth of the e-commerce is the basis of different, positive as well as negative impacts on environment. This paper explores the positive and negative impacts of e-commerce on environmental and focuses on spreading awareness regarding these possible impacts among people. Our work can serve as warning to agencies and industries involved in the development of e-commence standards and procedures, about the consequences of e-commerce on environment and how they can reduce the negative impacts of e-commerce. Also the impact of ecommerce for environmental sustainability in the modern enterprises is studied.

  • 2. Sustainability in e-commerce packaging: A review

  • Online purchasing, and hence e-commerce packaging production and use, have grown steadily in recent years, and so has their environmental impact as a result. This paper reviews the evolution of packaging over the last century through a compilation of scientific literature on e-commerce packaging focusing on its environmental side. The primary aims were to identify research gaps in e-commerce packaging and to propose new research lines aimed at reducing its environmental impact.

  • A systematic search of abstracts was conducted to identify articles dealing with sustainability in e-commerce packaging in order to better understand changes in materials and formats, identify problems such as oversizing and allow prospective readers to become acquainted with the latest innovations in materials, sustainability and logistics.
  • Based on existing research, packaging materials and technology evolved rapidly until the 1990s. Later, however, it has become increasingly difficult to further reduce their cost and environmental impact. Also, some packaging products continue to be made from non-renewable materials and thus restrict growth of e-commerce. Further research is needed with a view to producing new packages from renewable sources such as cellulose-containing materials, which are widely available in nature, or from recycled cellulose-based materials such as cartonboard. Improving distribution processes with new, more effective tools could additionally help alleviate the environmental impact of packaging. Similarly, new production processes such as additive manufacturing and 3D printing might help optimize package volume and shape, thereby facilitating more sustainable production through, for example, reduced CO2 emissions. Currently available technology can be useful to rethink the whole e-commerce packaging paradigm, which has changed very little over the past few decades.

  • 3. Achieving Sustainable E-Commerce in Environmental, Social and Economic Dimensions by Taking
  • Possible Trade-Offs

  • The Internet revolution has led to the advancement of online business all over the world. The environmental, social, and economic aspects are significant to the e-commerce sector, on both the retailer and consumer sides. It cannot be over-emphasized how important the sustainability of e-commerce in all three dimensions is. E-commerce will allow consumers to shop online easily, at any hour of the day, using secure payment systems; furthermore, trust in retailers’ websites is of paramount importance to consumers. This calls our attention to the gap in previous studies, and consequently, the purpose of this study is to fill the gap, to ensure sustainable e-commerce in three dimensions; environmental, social, and economic. The question and aim under investigation are: How to integrate three dimensions into e-commerce to ensure that sustainability is achieved now and for future generations, while thriving as an industry? Collaboration is required, and all stakeholders in the virtual market must take appropriate responsibility. The methodology adopted is a review of previous studies done on each individual dimension of sustainability, since no joint studies have been carried out and integrated into the same literature framework. Furthermore, a case study involving companies in Kenya and Jordan is used in order to collect empirical data. The findings of the study show that: First, integration is essential for the sustainability of e-commerce in its three dimensions; second, trade-offs must be taken in the various dimensions in order for companies to realize sustainable e-commerce. This will go in hand with the realization of the maximum benefits of integrating the three dimensions in e-commerce to make it more sustainable. In conclusion, by applying these aspects of sustainability in e-commerce, it is clear that everyone wins. This is achieved by improving and safeguarding the quality of life by protecting the environment, preserving natural resources, and maintaining and sustaining the economy. The implications of the study are that, in order to make e-commerce more sustainable, to make decisions and take action, social/environmental/economic aspects must be considered as a fundamental element, and must be treated as a group and not separately as in previous studies. In this way, we can realize greater benefits, not only in online business sustainability, but also in policy-making and environmental protection, while companies will create economic value as well as avoiding labor unrest.

  • 4. First market study in e-commerce food packaging: Resources, performance, and trends

  • Online grocery shopping is growing unprecedentedly around the globe. However, little is known about its packaging, which plays a key role from extending food shelf life to impacting the environment. This study aimed to characterize the e-commerce food packaging market to provide academia and industry with information to improve packaging for food shelf life extension and waste reduction. An online questionnaire focused on top selling liquid food products was developed and shared with consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies active in US e-commerce. The survey collected information on the packages sold in traditional or online grocery, including type, material, format, and defects (types and location). It also collected information on the future of online grocery packaging. The food categories with expected presence in e-commerce and the packaging changes required for e-commerce were identified. This study makes a noteworthy contribution to the packaging literature and can help decision-makers to improve packaging for online grocery.

  • 5. E-Conomy SEA 2023

  • Báo cáo dự đoán nền kinh tế kỹ thuật số Đông Nam Á sẽ thải khoảng 20 triệu tấn khí thải carbon vào năm 2030. Tuy nhiên, nếu hoạt động một cách tối ưu hoạt động kinh doanh trực tuyến có thể thải ra lượng khí carbon thấp hơn hoạt động kinh doanh truyền thống.
  • Báo cáo cũng chỉ ra người tiêu dùng trực tuyến trong vùng ngày càng quan tâm tới tính bền vững. Để nền kinh tế kỹ thuật số phát triển bền vững cần có sự tham gia có trách nhiệm của tất cả các bên, bao gồm nhà đầu tư, các công ty kinh doanh trực tuyến, người tiêu dùng và chính phủ.

  • 6. The Truth About Online Shopping and Its Environmental Impact

  • Global e-commerce has grown steadily over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the sector even more, triggering changes in consumer behaviour and leading to staggering records in sales. Big companies such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Walmart have monopolised online shopping and increased consumers’ expectations. Nowadays, they expect goods to be delivered on the same day and to return them without cost. Digitalisation and technological innovations have indeed allowed the industry to do what was believed to be impossible just a few decades ago. However, this revolution comes with high costs for our planet. We take a look at the growing trends in online shopping and its environmental impact.

  • The Issue of Over-Packaging

  • The online shopping addiction of modern consumers is not only leading the global supply chain to a point of no return, but it is also having a huge environmental impact with huge catastrophic consequences on our planet. Indeed, with the boom in online shopping came, not surprisingly, huge environmental issues. The effects can be seen worldwide. However, there is one country where the industry’s repercussions on the environment are particularly visible: China. The country’s e-commerce success is unmatched worldwide, with experts predicting that 52,1% of the country’s retail sales will come from online shopping in 2021. The success is mainly attributed to China’s rapid evolution of the internet and the digitalisation of payment systems. However, as the country’s e-commerce is able to generate hundreds of billions of dollars in revenue from a single shopping day like Double 11, environmental groups warn consumers that this shopping extravaganza comes at a dramatic cost to the planet.
  • Products’ packaging contributes in large part to CO2 emissions from producing plastics, polluting ecosystems as well as adding enormous amounts of waste to our landfills. 3 billion trees are pulped yearly to produce 241 million tons of shipping cartons, the forest conservation group Canopy found. And of the 86 million tons of plastic packaging produced globally each year, not even 14% is recycled. As for China, statistics from the State Post Bureau showed that the country’s courier handled 83 billion express parcels in 2020 alone, which accounted for 1.8 million tonnes of plastic waste and nearly 10 million tonnes of paper waste. In Hong Kong alone, 780 million pieces of packaging waste from online shopping was generated over the course of 2020, according to a recent study by the local group Green Sense. The study also showed that, on average, 2.18 pieces of packaging were used for each product in the same year, mostly consisting of mixed materials, which are hard to recycle. As space for landfills become scarcer, China is struggling to keep up with the growing e-commerce waste mountain. Companies such as Alibaba are thus developing more sustainable packaging, trying to reverse the trend while the Chinese government is taking steps to regulate packaging standards.

  • The Impact of Shipping Goods

  • Shipping emission is another online shopping environmental impact to consider. The transport of goods across the world is responsible for a huge portion of CO2 emissions generated by e-commerce. In 2020, the shipping and return of products accounted for 37% of the total GHG emissions. The major problem can be attributed, once again, to the consumers’ appetite for convenience. It is estimated that by 2030, the number of delivery vehicles will increase by 36%, reaching approximately 7.2 million vehicles. This will not only result in an increase of about 6 million tonnes of CO2 emissions, but it will also increase commutes by 21%, as vehicles will take longer to travel due to higher traffic congestion.










  • Online shopping and its environmental impact including carbon emissions. Source: World Economic Forum.
  • The real problem, however, lies in fast shipping. As new technologies improve the transport of goods and make it as fast as it had ever been before, more and more consumers request same-day and instant deliveries, two options that have been growing 36% and 17% annually, respectively. These two options, as the World Economic Forum reported, are particularly popular in China, making up more than 10% of the total amount of parcels being delivered each day, which are on average nearly 3 million. A study from MIT found that traditional shopping has two times the carbon footprint if compared to online shopping. This discourse, however, is valid only if one does not take the rushed online shopping into account. Indeed, when consumers opt for a fast delivery, the emissions far exceed those generated from in-person shopping. A major reason for this is that delivery companies cannot afford to wait for all products to arrive before shipping them out. When dealing with a one- or two-day shipping window, they are often forced to send out trucks that are filled at half their capacity, generating more traffic and thus emissions.
  • But shipping is not the only issue. As more and more online retailers, big and small, offer the option to send back goods easily and often for free, return rates, especially of fashion items, have skyrocketed, exceeding 30% of all purchased goods. A study on consumers’ behaviour showed that 79% of consumers want free return shipping and 92% of them are likely to buy again if the items they purchase are easy to return. It is statistics like these that incentivise companies to offer such options, as they will eventually be lucrative for them.
  • There is little doubt that the e-commerce revolution has brought enormous advantages. However, online shopping and its environment impact must not be ignored. Nowadays, most consumers choose convenience over principles. And, as much as companies trying to become more and more sustainable is a good step in the right direction, these changes alone will not entirely solve the problem. Consumers are the ones that have the last word, and it is their behaviour and their decisions that eventually determine the impact of this industry. Thus, the only way to reverse the dangerous trend that e-commerce has taken, there needs to be a mind shift from both the producer’s as well as the consumer’s side.
  • 6. Annual e-commerce plastic packaging consumption 2019-2025

  • The global e-commerce industry used approximately 2.1 billion pounds of plastic packaging in 2019. It is projected that e-commerce plastic packaging use will continue to grow in the coming years, reaching an estimated 4.5 billion pounds by 2025. In 2019, e-commerce plastic packaging waste was estimated at more than one billion kilograms worldwide.

Một số nghiên cứu, báo cáo về tác động của dịch vụ hoàn tất đơn hàng tới môi trường

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO

http://www.ijesd.org/papers/126-S10040.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7511172/

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/1/89

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214289421000661

https://economysea.withgoogle.com/intl/ALL_vn/home/

https://earth.org/online-shopping-and-its-environmental-impact/

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1271093/annual-e-commerce-plastic-packaging-use-globally/

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